In addition, this medication stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter, adrenaline (epinephrine), which stimulates the breakdown of stored fat. This biological change supports weight loss by suppressing appetite and boosting energy. Its active ingredient, phentermine hydrochloride, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that promotes a stress response similar to “fight or flight” ( 5). Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine anorectic. However, phentermine has remained available for prescription and sale. In 1997, doctors from the Mayo Clinic published findings that demonstrated that the popular combination increased patients’ risk of heart valve disease and fenfluramine, the culpable substance, was withdrawn soon thereafter ( 3). This cocktail was commonly known as “Fen-Phen” and doctors regularly prescribed the two medications together. Michael Weintraub and his colleagues at the University of Rochester published a paper detailing the effectiveness of an off-label combination of fenfluramine and phentermine for weight loss ( 2). Phentermine resin was first approved by the FDA in 1959 ( 3), and the medication’s current form (phentermine HCL) has been available since 1973 ( 4). Phentermine hydrochloride (phentermine HCL) is a schedule IV drug under the United States’ Controlled Substances Act and the international Convention on Psychotropic Substances ( 1). It is utilized in combination with behavioral changes such as eating a healthier diet and exercising regularly to promote weight loss. Phentermine is a prescription appetite suppressant used for the short-term treatment of obesity ( 1, 2).
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